Learn Gardening
Written By: Rob Gardener
Last Updated:

How to Propagate Perennials

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As a gardener, there's nothing quite like the joy of propagating perennials to share with friends and family, or to ensure a steady supply of favorite plants. In this post, I'll walk you through the basics of propagating perennials, covering the most common methods, tips, and tricks to increase your chances of success.

What Are Perennials?

Perennials are plants that live for more than two years, meaning they will come back year after year with proper care. They're a great choice for gardeners who want to create low-maintenance, long-lasting gardens. Perennials can be divided, dug up, or propagated using various methods, making them a versatile option for gardeners of all skill levels.

Methods of Propagation

There are several methods to propagate perennials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are the most common methods:

1. Division

Division is a popular method of propagating perennials, especially for plants like hostas, daylilies, and coneflowers. It involves separating the roots and replanting the new divisions.

How to Divide Perennials:

  1. Wait for the right time: Divide perennials in the spring or fall, when the plant is dormant.
  2. Prepare the tools: Use a sharp knife, garden fork, or spade to separate the roots.
  3. Dig up the plant: Carefully dig around the plant, making sure to get as much of the root system as possible.
  4. Separate the divisions: Gently separate the divisions, making sure each one has at least one growing stem.
  5. Replant the divisions: Plant the divisions in well-draining soil, water thoroughly, and provide adequate care.

2. Underground Stems

Some perennials, like irises and cannas, can be propagated using underground stems. This method involves digging up the stem and replanting it in a new location.

How to Propagate Underground Stems:

  1. Wait for the right time: Propagate underground stems in the spring, when the plant is dormant.
  2. Dig up the stem: Carefully dig around the stem, making sure to get as much of the root system as possible.
  3. Separate the sections: Gently separate the sections, making sure each one has at least one growing stem.
  4. Replant the sections: Plant the sections in well-draining soil, water thoroughly, and provide adequate care.

3. Seed

Perennials can be propagated using seeds, which can be a fun and rewarding way to share plants with friends and family. However, seeds can be slow to mature, and the resulting plants may not be true to the parent plant's characteristics.

How to Propagate Perennials from Seed:

  1. Collect seeds: Collect seeds from mature perennials, and dry them thoroughly.
  2. Sow the seeds: Sow the seeds in a pot or tray filled with well-draining seed starting mix.
  3. Provide adequate care: Provide adequate light, water, and nutrients to support seed germination.
  4. Transplant the seedlings: Transplant the seedlings to individual pots or into the garden when they're large enough.

4. Cuttings

Some perennials, like sedum and yarrow, can be propagated using cuttings. This method involves taking a section of stem and replanting it in a new location.

How to Propagate Perennials from Cuttings:

  1. Wait for the right time: Propagate perennials from cuttings in the spring or summer, when the plant is actively growing.
  2. Take the cuttings: Take sections of stem, making sure each one has at least one growing node.
  3. Remove lower leaves: Remove the lower leaves, leaving only the top two or three sets of leaves.
  4. Dip the cuttings: Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone powder or liquid to stimulate root growth.
  5. Plant the cuttings: Plant the cuttings in well-draining soil, water thoroughly, and provide adequate care.

5. Layering

Layering is a method of propagating perennials that involves bending a section of stem down to the ground and allowing it to root. This method is ideal for plants like hostas and daylilies.

How to Propagate Perennials by Layering:

  1. Wait for the right time: Layer perennials in the summer, when the plant is actively growing.
  2. Bend the stem: Bend a section of stem down to the ground, making sure it's in contact with the soil.
  3. Secure the stem: Secure the stem with a rock or a U-shaped wire to keep it in place.
  4. Allow roots to form: Allow roots to form over the next few weeks, typically 2-6 weeks.
  5. Cut the stem: Cut the stem below the soil line, making sure to leave a few inches of stem attached to the roots.
  6. Plant the new plant: Plant the new plant in well-draining soil, water thoroughly, and provide adequate care.

Tips and Tricks

Here are some additional tips and tricks to help you succeed with propagating perennials:

1. Use the Right Tools

Use the right tools to separate and replant divisions. A sharp knife or garden fork can help minimize damage to the roots.

2. Handle with Care

Handle divisions and cuttings with care, as they can be delicate and prone to damage.

3. Provide Adequate Care

Provide adequate care to new divisions and cuttings, including water, nutrients, and light.

4. Monitor for Pests

Monitor new divisions and cuttings for pests, such as aphids and slugs, and treat promptly if necessary.

5. Be Patient

Be patient with the propagation process, as it can take time for new plants to establish themselves.

6. Keep Records

Keep records of your propagation attempts, including the date, method, and results. This can help you refine your techniques and improve your chances of success.

Conclusion

Propagating perennials can be a rewarding and fun way to share plants with friends and family, or to ensure a steady supply of favorite plants. By following the methods and tips outlined in this post, you can increase your chances of success and enjoy a bountiful harvest of new plants. Happy propagating!

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